ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive (EBF) and continued breastfeeding (BF) practices among Amazonian children. METHODS: Data from 1,143 mother-child pairs recorded on the Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Acre (MINA-Brazil) birth cohort were used. Information on EBF and BF was collected after childbirth (July 2015–June 2016) and during the follow-up visits at 1 and 6 months postpartum, 1, 2, and 5 years of age. For longitudinal analysis, the outcomes were EBF and BF duration. Probability of breastfeeding practices were estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Associations between baseline predictors variables and outcomes among children born at term were assessed by extended Cox regression models. RESULTS: EBF frequencies (95% confidence interval [95%CI]) at 3 and 6 months of age were 33% (95%CI: 30.2–36.0) and 10.8% (95%CI: 8.9–12.9), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratio for predictors of early EBF cessation were: being a first-time mother = 1.47 (95%CI: 1.19–1.80), feeding newborns with prelacteals = 1.70 (95%CI: 1.23–2.36), pacifier use in the first week of life = 1.79 (95%CI: 1.44–2.23) or diarrhea in the first two weeks of life = 1.70 (95%CI: 1.15–2.52). Continued BF frequency was 67.9% (95%CI: 64.9–70.8), 29.3% (95%CI: 26.4–32.4), and 1.7% (95%CI: 0.9–2.8) at 1, 2 and 5 years of age, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratio for predictors of early BF cessation were: male sex = 1.23 (95%CI: 1.01–1.49), pacifier use in the first week of life = 4.66 (95%CI: 2.99–7.26), and EBF less than 3 months = 2.76 (95%CI: 1.64–4.66). CONCLUSIONS: EBF and continued BF duration among Amazonian children is considerably shorter than recommendations from the World Health Organization. Significant predictors of breastfeeding practices should be considered for evaluating local strategies to achieve optimal breastfeeding practices.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência e os fatores associados às práticas de aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e continuado (AM) entre crianças amazônicas. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados de 1.143 pares mãe-filho registrados na coorte de nascimento Materno-Infantil no Acre (MINA-Brasil). As informações sobre AME e AM foram coletadas após o parto (julho de 2015–junho de 2016) e durante as consultas de acompanhamento com 1 e 6 meses pós-parto e com 1, 2 e 5 anos de idade. A análise longitudinal considerou a duração do AME e AM como desfechos. A probabilidade das práticas de aleitamento materno foi estimada pela análise de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier. As associações entre as variáveis preditoras basais e os desfechos entre crianças nascidas a termo foram avaliadas por modelos de regressão de Cox estendidos. RESULTADOS: As frequências de AME (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]) aos 3 e 6 meses de idade foram de 33% (IC95%: 30,2–36,0) e 10,8% (IC95%: 8,9–12,9), respectivamente. A razão de risco ajustada para preditores de interrupção precoce do AME foi: ser primípara = 1,47 (IC95%: 1,19–1,80), alimentar recém-nascidos com pré-lácteos = 1,70 (IC95%: 1,23–2,36), usar chupeta na primeira semana de vida = 1,79 (IC95%: 1,44–2,23) e apresentar diarreia nas duas primeiras semanas de vida = 1,70 (IC95%: 1,15–2,52). A frequência do AM continuado foi de 67,9% (IC95%: 64,9–70,8), 29,3% (IC95%: 26,4–32,4) e 1,7% (IC95%: 0,9–2,8) aos 1, 2 e 5 anos de idade, respectivamente. A razão de risco ajustada para preditores de cessação precoce do AM foi: sexo masculino = 1,23 (IC95%: 1,01–1,49), uso de chupeta na primeira semana de vida = 4,66 (IC95%: 2,99–7,26) e AME menor que 3 meses = 2,76 (IC95%: 1,64–4,66). CONCLUSÕES: A duração do AME e do AM continuado entre crianças amazônicas é consideravelmente menor do que as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Preditores significativos das práticas de aleitamento materno devem ser considerados na avaliação das estratégias locais para alcançar práticas ideais de aleitamento materno.

Se realizó un estudio de la variabilidad genética de la colección colombiana de lulo Solanum quitoense Lam y especies relacionadas de la sección Lasiocarpa, por medio de marcadores AFLP, con el fin de conocer el polimorfismo y las afinidades entre materiales y taxa. Para tal fin se emplearon marcadores moleculares AFLP, y se hicieron análisis de conglomerados, con los cuales se construyeron dendrogramas a través del algoritmo UPGMA. Los marcadores empleados mostraron valor sistemático ya que permitieron la separación de grupos por especies y entre taxa de la Amazonía y de los Andes, con aislamiento de Solanum de otras secciones, empleados como grupo de comparación. En el estudio no fue evidente el agrupamiento de los materiales por zonas de origen e igualmente no hubo un patrón de asociación de los materiales por variedad botánica: septentrionale y quitoense del taxón S. quitoense. También se observó menor variabilidad genética en las especies cultivadas S. quitoense (andina) y S. sessiliflorum (amazónica), con relación a las silvestres. Los híbridos interespecíficos entre el taxón silvestre S. hirtum y el cultivado S. quitoense y los retrocruzamientos de éstos hacia S. quitoense, incluidos en el estudio, señalaron el potencial de ampliación de la base genética del taxón cultivado por esta vía, con posibilidades en este sentido a partir de los taxa S. pseudolulo y S. vestissimum (andinos). El análisis de correspondencia múltiple y el dendrograma obtenido por el algoritmo “vecino más próximo”, exhibieron alta congruencia con el obtenido por UPGMA, con altos valores de remuestreo (“bootstrap”).

An AFLP genetic variability study of the Colombian collection of lulo Solanum quitoense and related species of section Lasiocarpa was carried out. The aim was to elucidate the genetic polymorphism of such collection and interspecific affinities. Two primer combinations, E-ACG/M-CAT and E-ACG-M-CTC, were chosen out of 30 evaluated combinations based on their high expression levels of polymorphism. The UPGMA dendrogram, obtained through similarity analysis, exhibited systemic power with discrimination at species level and between the groups of Andean and Amazonian taxa from section Lasiocarpa, with a clear separation between Lasiocarpa species and outgroup taxa. Clustering patterns regarding the geographic origin of the accessions, as well as between materials of the S. quitoense botanical varieties septentrionale and quitoense were not evident. Wider genetic variability was observed in the wild section Lasiocarpa species than in the cultivated ones S. quitoense and S. sessiliflorum. The interespecific hybrids between S. hirtum and S. quitoense and backcrosses of these with S. quitoense exhibited greater variability in comparison to S. quitoense. The above, indicated the feasibility of the use of S. hirtum to broaden the genetic base of the cultivated species, with potentiality of S. psudolulo and S. vestissimum for the same purpose. The results obtained with the multiple analysis of correspondence were in agreement with those of the similarity index analysis, and the neighbor joining analysis with high “bootstrap” values, which indicates that the support of each cluster for the studied species is well represented.